Eaglewood( gaharu )Producing Plants
Eaglewoodor gaharu is a pig that contains mastic resin. Pig produced by species of aloes tropical forest trees in Indonesia. Eaglewood/gaharu is a valuable commodity of high economic elite who used for industrial materials, medicines, perfumes, cosmetics, and incense or incense
for religious rituals. Aloe pig secondary metabolites which are formed as a response plant defense against harmful physical or infectious microorganisms. Various types of fungi reported symptoms associated with the formation of gaharu pig in the world. Some of these genera found in Indonesia, such as Acremonium, Botryodiplodia, Diplodia, Fusarium, Libertella, Papularia, Pythium, Rhinocladiella, Rhizoctonia, Scytalidium, Thielarilopsis and Trichoderma.
Some of gaharu/eaglewood producing plant species spread across parts of Indonesia such as Aquilaria malaccenciss and A. beccariana (Sumatra, Kalimantan), A. Microcarpa and A. Hirta (Sumatra), A. Andate (Papua), A. cumingiana (Kalimantan, Maluku), A Filarial and A. Secundana (Maluku), Ghrinops verstegii (Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, North Sulawesi and West Papua), G. Mollucana (Island Buru and Halmahera), G. Decipiens (Central Sulawesi), G. Salicifolia (Utakwa and Public), G. Podocarpus
(Ramoi, Sorong Monep, Idenburg), Enklela malaccensis (Sumatra), Gonystylus bancanus (Sumatra, Kalimantan), G. Macrophyllus (Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Papua), Aetoxylon sympelatum (West Kalimantan), Wikstroemia androsaemofolia (Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua), W. Polyntha (Borneo) wikstroemia tenuiramis (Sumatra, Kalimantan), and Excoccaria agalocba (Borneo,Java).
High demand and the increased circulation of aloes in the international market has pushed more intensive harvesting of gaharu tree, and aloe cultivation techniques have not fully mastered community, the potential data location / aloe plant development area is not yet available, and production facilities inokolum seeds and materials are also not enough available. Further impact plant population gaharu producing a fall. Gaharu-producing trees, special types of Aquilaria and Gyrinops, enter
in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna) that limit the export of aloes taken from natural forests in a certain amount.
Policies and strategies undertaken for the preservation of gaharu-producing plants in Indonesia is by promoting aloe plants in various regions, resource development human, institutional development, financing, partnerships, and increase market competitiveness.
BIOTROP SEAMEO (The Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization Regional Center for Tropical Biology) in Bogor is an institution that continually seeks to develop through a collection of aloes research and training and a series of seminars and workshops.
Some aspects are still in the research phase of the database arrangement of planting aloes in Indonesia, plus a selection of plants with conventional techniques and culture in vitro, selection superior species of fungi (some species of Acremonium sp) associated with the plant producing
aloes, testing the potential for producing aloe plants in vitro through the culture and in the field, and the multiplication of Acremonium sp. In addition, the study also was conducted plant diversity producing aloes and Acremonium sp in Indonesia with analysis fenotifik Random Aplicated
Polymorphic DNA. -
Source: SEAMEO BIOTROP, 2005, published in SLHI 2005).
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