Gaharu or Eaglewood: Non-Timber Forest who became a prima donna.
Eaglewood is one commodity non-timber forest products (HHBK) reliable enough, especially when viewed from a very special price when compared with other HHBK. High sale value of gaharu is encouraging people to use it. For example, in early 2001, in East Kalimantan, exactly in Pujangan (Kayan) aloes prices can reach Rp. 600.000, – per kilogram. At the retail level in major cities prices would certainly higher as well. Contribution of aloes of foreign exchange earnings also show a growing graph. According to the Center of Statistics, the average export value of gaharu from Indonesia in 1990-1998 amounted to U.S. $ 2 million, and in 2000 increased to U.S. $ 2.2 million.
Eaglewood known for the distinctive aroma and can be used for various purposes such as perfume, air freshener, incense (prayer complement Buddhist religion & Confucianism), drugs, and so on.
Ordinary people often obscure terms with tree aloes aloes. According SNI 01-5009.1-1999 defined as a kind of aloes wood in various shapes and colors are unique, and contain levels of mastic which comes from trees or parts of gaharu-producing trees that grow naturally and had died as a result of an infectious disease process either naturally or artificially in a tree species, which generally occurs in the tree Aquilaria sp. (Local name: Karas, Alim, Garu and others).
Gaharu traded in various forms, namely in the form of blocks, chips and powders. Form lumps can be either a statue or a unique form (natural sculpture) or no form at all. Similarly, the color, vary from near white to dark brown or nearly black, depending on the levels contained mastic and by itself will increasingly strong scent or aroma that is produced. Aloe color is generally used as the basis in determining the quality of aloes. The more black / dark color, the higher the resin content of fragrance, and will the higher the resale value. Generally the black / black color of aloes, showed higher infection process, and the stronger the scent is produced. But the color and scent guidance is not absolute, because in reality, this color can be tricked by the application of dyes, while the scent can be tricked by dipping into destilat aloes aloes. So that only traders who are experienced and have long been in the gaharu trade alone could distinguish between high-quality gaharu with lower quality (kemedangan).
In Indonesia, gaharu traded nationally is still in the form of chunks, chips or powder of aloes. Society has not attracted to process more information aloes, for example in the form of processed products such as destilat aloes, perfume, chopstick, etc., which would further increase the resale value.
Gaharu produced by infected trees that grow in tropical areas and have the Aquilaria genus, Gyrinops and overall Gonystilus included in the family Thymelaeaceae. Aquilaria clan consists of 15 species, scattered in tropical Asia from India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, southern China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Six of them found in Indonesia (A. malaccensis, A. microcarpa, A. hirta, A. beccariana, A. cumingiana and A. filarial). The six species are found almost everywhere in the islands of Indonesia, except Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Gonystilus clan has 20 species, spreading in Southeast Asia from Malaysia, Peninsula, Sarawak, Sabah, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands and Nicobar Islands. Spisies Nine of them are in Indonesia, namely: in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, Maluku and Irian Jaya. Gyrinops clan has seven species. Six of them scattered in eastern Indonesia, and one species found in Sri Lanka.
Cause of infection (which produces gaharu) in producing tree aloes, to this day still observed. However, the researchers suspect that there are 3 elements of the cause of the infection process in gaharu-producing trees, namely (1) infections due to fungi, (2) injury and (3) non-phatology process. In the first group, Santoso (1996) stated that they had successfully isolated several fungi from tree Aquilaria spp. the infected are: oxyporus Fusarium, F. bulbigenium and F. laseritium. In cases 2 and 3 appeared hypothesis which states that the injury could encourage the emergence of tree healing processes that produce gaharu. But the program still needs the hypothesis of proof.
Indonesia quality Eaglewood nationally determined in Eaglewood 01-5009.1-1999 SNI. In the SNI is divided into quality aloeswood/gaharu/eaglewood quality class 13 consisting of:
Pig gaharu is divided into 3 classes Quality (Main Quality = the equivalent of super quality; Quality First quality = equal to AB; and quality equivalent to the Second = super quality Sabah),
Kemedangan divided into 7 classes quality (starting from the quality of First = TGA/TK1 equivalent quality to the quality of the Seventh = equivalent to the quality of M3), and
Abu gaharu divided into 3 classes quality (Main quality, First and Second).
In fact in the trade of aloes, aloes quality distribution is not uniform between regions with each other, despite being 01-5009.1-1999 Eaglewood SNI. For example, in West Kalimantan was agreed that 9 of the quality of the quality of the Super A (best) to the quality kemedangan kropos (worst). While in East Kalimantan and Riau, the businessmen agreed aloes 8 types of quality, ranging from super quality A (best) to the quality kemedangan (worst). Determination of the standard in the field is not uniform because of the existence of SNI dimungkingkan Eaglewood has so far not much is known and exploited by the traders and collectors. Besides, as SNI-SNI other forest products, the application of SNI Eaglewood still voluntary (voluntary), in which there is no obligation to enforce.
Due to the scarcity of gaharu-producing trees stands in the COP (Conference of Parties) to – 9 of CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA (7 – 18 November 1994) the participants conference at the suggestion of India accepted the proposal application producing a species of aloe (A. malaccensis) in CITES Appendix II. Thus, within 90 days of receipt / determination of the proposal, the trade of these species should be done with CITES procedures.
But the problem, until now gaharu traded in the form of slabs, chips, powders, aloe and destilat end products such as chopstick, pencil, perfume, etc. can not be / difficult to be proven whether the aloes are produced by type A. malaccensis or from other species. To overcome this problem, finally adopted the policy that both exporting and recipient countries continue implementing CITES procedures for each product aloes, regardless of whether the product is derived from the species A. malaccensis or not. This is because most of the population of gaharu-producing species in nature was endangered position. It is expected gaharu-producing species populations can be saved.
Closing
Eaglewood considering selling points, worthy of the role of effort increased Eaglewood as an alternative to commodity contributor of foreign exchange in addition to the forestry sector from timber forest products. To get the maximum benefit of added value in making use of these commodities, necessary assistance to domestic producers to process more information aloes, for example in the form of final product (processed) as destilat aloes, perfume, chopstick, etc. with a trading value of more high. In addition, to encourage uniformity in the field kualita setting, the presence of gaharu SNI should be socialized among producers, traders, and consumers. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of supply of aloes, need guidance to the community effort to harvest gaharu in ways that ignore the rules of sustainability. Finally, to avoid the extinction of aloes, the rules or procedures of CITES in gaharu trade in commodities should be implemented in a consistent in the field by stakeholders.
author : bagus p
Related posts:
- Technology Development For Super Eaglewood (gaharu ) Department of Forestry to find technology that could produce high-quality...
- Eaglewood( gaharu )Producing Plants Eaglewoodor gaharu is a pig that contains mastic resin. Pig produced...
- Accelerating Production Technology Eaglewood with inoculation ( Gaharu ) Eaglewood is a commodity elite non-timber forest products is currently...
- Agarwood/gaharu/eaglewood Investments Agarwood or gaharu ( eaglewood in USA ) is a highly...
- Why Gaharu/Agarwood is chosen? Gaharu be one of the not wood forest result commodity...
Related posts brought to you by Yet Another Related Posts Plugin.