PamFinance

Eaglewood is a commodity elite non-timber forest products is currently much in demand by consumers both in and outside the country. Utilization of aloes varies from raw material manufacture incense, perfumes, aromatherapy, soap, body lotion, to medicine as an anti asmatik, anti mikrobia, nerve stimulants work, and digestion. As a result of harvesting and trading patterns that still rely on nature, certain types of gaharu-producing trees began to rare and have included in Appendix II of CITES.

Anticipating the possibility of extinction of gaharu-producing tree species of rare and sustainable utilization. FORDA conservation efforts and the cultivation and production engineering to accelerate the induction of aloes with technology or inoculation.

A series of studies conducted FORDA current cultivation techniques has resulted in gaharu-producing trees well, ranging from Germination, nurseries, planting, to maintain. A number of aloes-forming fungi isolates exploration of the various regions in Indonesia have been identified based on morphological characteristics. Research carried out has also produced four isolates gaharu-forming fungi have been tested and capable of forming aloes infection quickly. Inoculation with fungal isolates has been showing signs of success in just a month. Trials have been conducted in South Kalimantan, West Kalimantan, West Java (Sukabumi and Darmaga), and Banten (Carita).

Technically, the outline of the production engineering stage begins with the isolation of aloe-forming fungi are taken from the tree aloes producing appropriate ecological types and distribution of cultivated trees grow. Isolates were then identified based on morphology, taxonomy, and then conducted a screening process to ensure that the fungus is to respond in accordance with the formation of gaharu-producing tree species of aloes to provide optimum results. The next stage is the multiplication of this aloe-forming fungi, and induction, and the last harvest. For now, the production of artificial gaharu harvested at 1 year of age are in class kemedangan selling price of U.S. $ 100 per kilogram.

In domestic markets, the quality of aloes are grouped into 6 quality classes, namely Super (Super King, Super, Super AB), Responsibilities, pulses (pulses A, B, and C), Teri (Teri A, B, C, Teri Leather A , B), Kemedangan (A, B, C) and Suloan. Classification of different quality of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) which divides the quality of aloe into the Class 3 pig, Kemedangan, and Klas Abu. Differences of classification is often harmful because it does not search based aloes with clear criteria.

Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation, Forestry Research and Development Agency opened the possibility of joint development of business-class aloes to the general public, ranging from activity-producing cultivation of aloes, aloes production engineering, harvesting, to marketing. Offer of cooperation can be submitted to the office of Research and Development Center of Forestry, Jalan Gunung Batu No.. 5 Bogor, Telp (0251) 633234, 7520067, Fax. (0251) 638,111.

For additional information, please contact Ir. Masyhud, MM, Head of Information Analysis and presentation, representing the Head of the Forestry Information Center, Department of Forestry, Tel: (021) 570-5099, Fax: (021) 573-8732

source:antara news

Eaglewood died after a year of injection mold. He is not guilty, but
had been hurt so fragrant pig appear immediately. Trunk gaharu Aquilaria
malaccensis minimum 5-year-old drilled a spiral. That is, each edge
The first saw the field will be continuous with the second saw the field. So
next. Sawn field that is given fungi.

Year post-injection was able to harvest pig. Previous techniques, inter -
field unrelated saws. Interval between field approximately 10 cm
and needs 2-3 years to reap pig.

Modification of the fungi providing technology developed by Drs Yana Sumarna
MSI, researcher Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation,
Bogor. He gave fungi Fusarium spp on each bar of aloes. Year
ago, he was able to harvest 10 kg pig from the tree aloes 6 years of age. This way
more effective than the old techniques because of the spiral technique can help
trees still standing strong despite wind. Prepare tools
needed: wood drill with drill diameter 13 mm to pierce stems,
saws, markers as markers where pelubangan, measuring instruments, cotton, spatula,
tweezers, alcohol 70%, candles and soft pig seeds of fungi. Process
the process simple.

1. Inokulan of fungi to assist in the formation of pig. Some
examples of solid mushroom is Diplodia sp, Phytium sp, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus
sp, sp Lasiodiplodia, Libertela sp, Trichoderma sp, Scytalidium sp, and
Thielaviopsis sp. Fungus was reproduced by mixing one tablespoon
fungi and 100 grams of aloe sawdust waste. Save a month in the bottle
closed.

2. Create a sign on the skin layer of 10 cm diameter tree with markers for
determine the field of drilling. Drilling lowest point, 20 cm from the surface
land. Create more drilling in the top spot with a shift in the direction
horizontal sejau to 10 cm and 10 cm vertical. In the same way make a few
The next point until after the lines are connected to form a spiral.

3. Use the generator to move the drill. Make a hole as deep as 1 / 3 the diameter
follow the line of the spiral rod drilling field.

4. Clean the drill hole with a washed cotton 70% alcohol to prevent
other microbial infections.

5. Enter the fungi into the hole using a spatula. Charging
undertaken to meet the hole until the surface of the skin.

6. Close the holes have been filled with wax mold so that no
contaminants. To prevent water seeps, surface wax also closed plaster
plastic.

7. Check the success of inoculation after a month. Open plaster and wax.
Fungi inoculation success if the black bars. After that make the cut
up under the skin to peel. This makes it easy to open and close
when the next check.

8. One year later gaharu harvested. To increase success,
planters added stressor compounds. Thus endurance aloes
weakened, the fungus is easy to breed, and even more quickly pig formed.

author: (Vina Fitriani).

Shops selling aromatic gaharu oils and woodchips are sprouting in Kuala Lumpur to cater to Middle Eastern tourists. The business, however, is depleting a species of trees in the forest.

IT’S that time of the year that has come to be recognised as “Arab season”, where hordes of Middle Eastern tourists throng shopping malls and streets in Kuala Lumpur’s Golden Triangle.

Restaurants featuring Arabic cuisine have sprouted in the main boulevard of the Bukit Bintang area but a far more lucrative business catering to these tourists is the many outlets selling a type of fragrance in wood form or oil.

Billboards in Arabic, English and malaysian featuring incense burners, woodchips and perfume bottles advertise the goods – gaharu or agarwood.

A recent phenomenon, these outlets are targeting Arabs with a penchant for the aromatic products that come from forests in this part of the world. The fragrant wood is essentially the resin extracted from the infected part of gaharu-producing Aquilaria trees.

Retailer Abu Mishaal says the gaharu retail business began four years ago and the number of shops has increased lately. A random count showed at least a dozen such shops, including two new ones operating from a hotel lobby.

The business partner of Al-Anood says his best quality agarwood came from Cambodian and Malaysian forests. “We buy from many places but mostly from Malaysia and Indonesia. We get an average of 6kg a month from Malaysia but 50kg from Indonesia in the wood form.”

The black, aromatic oil in bottles is extracted from woodchips at a distillation plant in Kajang. Arriving in Malaysia seven years ago, the Yemeni businessman saw the potential of the business and supplied the perfumed oil to the Middle East before setting up shops in the city. The plant produces 2kg of oil each month and these are bottled in 3mg, 6mg and 12mg glass containers.

Like other gaharu outlets at Jalan Bukit Bintang, Al-Anood sells woodchips, oil and powder. “Tourists buy these as souvenirs for their friends and relatives back home,” he explains.

Woodchips range from RM100 to RM500 per kg for the average grades. The superior quality grade can fetch no less than RM5,000 per kg while a 12mg bottle of oil ranges from RM50 to RM200. However, prices for the best quality are determined by the buyers’ knowledge and bargaining skills.

Other nationalities like Cambodians and Thay have also joined the business. One outlet in a hotel lobby is helmed by a Bangladeshi who professes to have dabbled in gaharu and the Arabic perfumery industry since 1976. Differing from other perfume producers, the Muslim-Arab perfume industry relies on the alcohol-free gaharu oil extracts.

“We might set up a distillation plant here to ease supply flows,” says the trader. “Currently, we depend on our two Jakarta factories for the oil extracts. It all depends on the supply of woodchips and market demand. It’s a bit too soon to tell as my shop is not officially open yet,” he says, adding that he is in the process of obtaining the required business licences.

He points out that local supply of the woodchips is shrinking and high quality resin is a rarity these days. The best quality gaharu is burned directly as incense by wealthy Arabs during important functions. Due to declining quality, traders are turning to distillation to add value to an otherwise low quality yield.

The traders claim that it is not an offence for tourists to carry a few bottles or packets of the woodchips home as these are for personal use.

“They don’t need any Cites certificate. Our raw materials are acquired legally hence the end products are also legal,” assures Abu Mishaal. Harvest of the woodchips is supposedly regulated by the respective state Forestry Department.

The entire genus of Aquilaria was listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (Cites) in late 2004 with mounting concerns over the sustainability of the trade. International trade of the species is regulated by a permit system to show that the specimen was acquired with no detrimental effect to its survival in the wild.

Both traders say their businesses are registered with the Malaysian Timber Industrial Board (MTIB) – the management authority for Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah on timber-related Cites species.

But enquiries to MTIB – on regulating the growing gaharu trade and closing Custom loopholes which do not cover gaharu oil – went unanswered. It is learnt that MTIB has not issued any Cites import certificates or re-export permits for gaharu products made from imported woodchips or resin, indicating that the bulk of the Bukit Bintang trade is effectively illegal.

At a workshop organised by Traffic (a WWF-IUCN trade monitoring group) in March, an official from MTIB said stringent checks were needed at airports as there have been cases of gaharu woodchips being declared as other products. He said it was difficult to control the trade and suggested monitoring at the harvesting stage and commercial plantation to meet market demand.

Previously, MTIB’s director of licensing and enforcement Norchahaya Hashim said exporters must produce the respective state extraction permit, the licence number of the processors and receipt of the royalty payment before applications were processed. She noted then that MTIB needed the support of the Customs and Excise Department to curb smuggling at entry and exit points, adding that awareness of the issue has to be raised among relevant agencies.

Kelantan implemented a licensing scheme on gaharu collection, processing and trading last year but other states have been slow in recognising the value of the resin.

Stringent licensing at the state level and licensing of traders like those at Bukit Bintang would curtail uncontrolled harvest.

source :
gaharubiz.com

It’s aloe, sandalwood also “. That is a saying that illustrates that the two kinds of wood symbolizing prosperity. Sandalwood or aloes wood (of the genus Aquilaria spp) is a wealth of natural resources with economic value is very high.
Sap has a high economic value, such as Gondorukem, the infected gum aloes, gum, and many other types. Sometimes the sap is taken in a way that resulted in injuring of trees to be damaged wood conditions.

For certain circles, the benefits of aloes wood has resulted in a substantial profit. Economic value lies in aloes aloes pig that appears after the gaharu trees are infected and die. Gaharu pig containing mastic (aromatic resin) which has a distinctive aroma. In Indonesia, found no less than 16 species of plants producing pig aloes.

Aloes pig will grow in the middle of the aloe tree. Traditionally used as a deodorizer and religious ceremonies in the form of the Hindu community incense and incense (incense). We have been developed as one of the raw material in the cosmetics industry, electronics and medicine.
As for the medicines to cure stress, rheumatism, liver, stomach ulcers, kidney inflammation and cancer. In addition to pig gaharu, gaharu resin also, kamedangan (mastic low levels) and ash gaharu (aloe wood powder).

Data Eaglewood Indonesian Employers Association (Asgarin) shows that Indonesia has a quota of gaharu export reached 300 tons per year but due to high levels of poaching that is fulfilled only approximately 10-20 percent of the quota.

Aloe wood scarcity levels also began to be seen since the 1980s when the hunt began in aloes massive because of high export value.

Not rare in many gaharu trees are already dead is not the time for such searches vociferous pig. And, naturally pig will appear in the fungus-infected aloes. As a result many gaharu harvested and already scarce, both in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Papua and Maluku.
Since then aloes, especially type A malaccensis Lamk been included in the list Apendix II on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) IX in Florida November 1994. This means, aloes and timber product exports such as pig crop of aloes should be limited.

Other types also started Gyrimops cumingaina rare is that many found in West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. Thus this type of aloe can be traded only if it is taken from the jail and not the power of nature to prevent extinction. For the best kind of super-class of aloes pig worth about three to four million rupiah per kilogram (kg).
In gaharu trade is usually known by a few species of aloes from the pig is the best Super class, AB, BC, C1 and C2 (Kemedangan). The data suggests that the contribution of aloes for foreign exchange in 1995 reached USD 6.2 billion.

The average increase in exports of aloes with the aim of increasing Singapore, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Japan and Europe. The level of demand and high economic value caused many people trying to obtain the pig aloes.

Therefore, businessmen, forestry officials and local governments and community strongly supports the current efforts associated with the cultivation of community forestry development.
This is very important because any cultivation of aloes could have done with the technique of intercropping annual crops such as rubber and sengon tree. The cultivation techniques and supported by the inoculation with arbuscular injected (a type of fungus) to get a pig gaharu.

Delicious aloe begin to be felt by Usman Mansyur (41), Aro Island village, Veil Ulu Subdistrict, Merangin District, Jambi. Usman know aloe since 1985 when many came to her village and find pig aloes. A number of farmers in the village went in the woods to get the pig gaharu. The more days it increasingly difficult to find a tree aloes.
Encouraged by various parties, through the Farmers Group Green Indah Jaya, Usman with 116 other farmers in the village began to grow aloes on the area about 100 hectares (ha). No fewer than 200,000 had been sold aloes seeds. Since a year ago, demand for the seeds came from Central Kalimantan, West Suamtera, Lampung, Jakarta and Bogor. Usman fix the price USD 3500 per seedling nurseries location aloes.

“The farmers have cultivated the aloe on farms with intercropping in rubber and sengon. The sale of seeds taken from nature has helped members of our group,” said Usman.

At the age of five to six years gaharu trees can be harvested already after injection with the arbuscular and in the sixth began to show signs of infection. Eaglewood became its own potential for Merangin District with a population of 254,203 inhabitants and the surrounding area is 767,900 ha.
Land is available and the seeds are easily available, production costs around Rp 147,000 million for one hectare of land (approximately 600 trees, Red) as if it was not a burden for farmers. This pattern is consistent with the development of community forestry.
The program encourages prospects and Joni Syafaruddin Surya from Bengkulu to develop and sell seeds of aloes. He started the printing business was developed with seedlings of aloes. Cultivated seed demand either through seed or cuttings continue to increase. In fact, a number of gaharu trees around settlements have been purchased and are just waiting for the harvest gaharu pig.

However, the business prospects is not a problem. According to Syasri Wirzal, gaharu traders from Pekan Baru, the timber trade barriers are still a lot of aloe smuggling that affect price fluctuations.

This causes profits more taken by the importer in Singapore and causing unstable prices. The government should prevent the smuggling levels could be reduced, let alone the door is still dominated exports via Singapore.
The program encourages prospects and Joni Syafaruddin Surya from Bengkulu to develop and sell seeds of aloes. He started the printing business was developed with seedlings of aloes. Cultivated seed demand either through seed or cuttings continue to increase. In fact, a number of gaharu trees around settlements have been purchased and are just waiting for the harvest gaharu pig.

However, the business prospects is not a problem. According to Syasri Wirzal, gaharu traders from Pekan Baru, the timber trade barriers are still a lot of aloe smuggling that affect price fluctuations.

This causes profits more taken by the importer in Singapore and causing unstable prices. The government should prevent the smuggling levels could be reduced, let alone the door is still dominated exports via Singapore.
The program encourages prospects and Joni Syafaruddin Surya from Bengkulu to develop and sell seeds of aloes. He started the printing business was developed with seedlings of aloes. Cultivated seed demand either through seed or cuttings continue to increase. In fact, a number of gaharu trees around settlements have been purchased and are just waiting for the harvest gaharu pig.

However, the business prospects is not a problem. According to Syasri Wirzal, gaharu traders from Pekan Baru, the timber trade barriers are still a lot of aloe smuggling that affect price fluctuations.

This causes profits more taken by the importer in Singapore and causing unstable prices. The government should prevent the smuggling levels could be reduced, let alone the door is still dominated exports via Singapore.
These conditions, he explained, showed that the cultivation was carried out also to be anticipated to maintain a stable market price.

“No cover possible over-harvesting when prices will drop so that farmers feel disadvantaged. For annual crops such right shall be maintained so that the price conditions are not tricked by the importers,” said Chairman Asgarin Riau, Jambi was some time ago on the sidelines of events Temu Eaglewood Enterprises.

Indonesia has a wealth of biological resources is quite large. Value added benefits are better if not just mengandakan raw materials or primary products alone. Thus, the potential of pig aloes should not directly be exported but processed according to customer needs.

This step also increasingly affect the welfare of aloe processing business and not just profitable gaharu collectors. Until now, the existence of the processing industry should be recognized is still very minimal.

author : bagus p
source: situs hijau.co.id

FIFTEEN years ago, the University of Mataram in recorded history of cultivation. Starting from a journal that says pig in fact a disease of aloes. “His name must have caused disease micro-organisms such as fungi or bacteria,” said Hadi Surya, principal researcher at the Eaglewood Center, professor of the University of Mataram. However, fungi like what? Well, that’s the question in the minds of these researchers. They negotiate in a place. Each answer to how to engineer the gaharu trees are able to produce pig, which produces extraordinary fragrance, quickly. The meeting that is the starting point of greatness by researchers at the University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, the cultivation of aloes. Talk about this fragrant wood, it was not complete without a look there. That’s where the inoculation method had led to more quickly composed of aloes. Without neglecting other studies, this finding is a phenomenon of this campus. With this technology, the emergence of pig, usually 20 years, can come half faster. That means economic value arrived first, one kilogram can be appreciated Rp 5 million. Understandably, aloes are expensive and become an important commodity in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. But it is not easy. Surya Hadi and two colleagues, the Tri Mulyaningsih and Doctor Parman (deceased), the cost and devote his mind. Even Tri competition fees must give up his research used for the purposes of this research. That was not enough. For just a sample, aloes not cheap. “Thank God we assisted gaharu traders associations to buy chemicals and pig,” said Surya. Perseverance is what guides them. Until finally, after the isolation of micro-organisms in the pig, they found a kind of micro-organisms called Fusarium. This microbe is then transformed into a solid isolates injected into the tree aloes. It was not immediately fruitful results. In early research, it isolates them injections. The result? Many trees are dead. Apparently there is some mistake. “Isolates inokulumnya or micro-organism was too aggressive, so the main vessels attacked tree metabolism,” said Taufik Fauzi, head of Eaglewood Unram Center. But they did not give up. Learning from experience, from microbes that can be formed pig aloes. This research continues to grow, until finally they found at least five species of Fusarium in the solid inoculum. But Surya reluctant to say what species they find inoculum. “That makes the area we will be patented.” As a result, fragrant wood is so tempting. Not only smell in Mataram and other regions, but also crossed over to Malaysia. Apparently, these neighboring countries also have the technology to produce gaharu wood is fragrant . But they refused to do an integrated partnership with a number of professors from Malaysia last year. The campus is only willing to teach them how to do injections or aloe plant inoculation. While the technology of micro-organisms isolated Fusarium still a secret. “Technology is not our creation patented pig, so before we patented to be used en masse,” said Surya. Naturally, if they keep the formula. It is currently inoculation technique has spread throughout the world. However, special materials microbial isolates, only a few people who can produce it. Now the researchers on campus are not yet satisfied. They hoped to find new technologies that could accelerate the growing pig. For that, since two years ago, Unram cooperation with Germany through IGBiotek. “Eaglewood is our future,” said Professor Ir Ma’shum Mansur, Rector Unram. author : bagus p reference : MBM Tempo

Size: 1 ha, Left: 8 years
I. COST
A. Year-I
1. Purchase of tree seedlings 2000 @ Rp 20.000, – Rp. 40.000.000, –
(including embroidery 20%)
2. Manure 10 tons @ Rp 75.000, – Rp. 750.000, –
3. Pesticides Rp. 120.000, –
4. Loose labor Rp. 4.000.000, – +
Sub-total A Rp. 44,870,000, –
B. Year-II to-VII
1. Manure Rp. 750,000 x 6 years USD. 4.500.000, –
2. Pesticides Rp. 120.000, – x 6-year USD. 720.000, –
3. Fusarium Isolate (age 6 years)
@ Rp. 100.000, – x 2000 seeds Rp. 200.000.000, –
4. Maintenance labor (6 years) USD. 8.000.000, –
5. freelance workers
Rp. 4.000.000, – +
Sub-total B Rp. 217,220,000, –
C. Total Cost (A + B) USD. 262,090,000, –
II. ACCEPTANCE
The harvested trees is assumed to be only 60% of 1667 trees / ha of trees in 1000:
1. 1000 kg pig x @ Rp 1.000.000, – Rp 1.000.000.000, –
2. Kemedangan 10,000 kg x @ Rp 100.000, – Rp 1.000.000.000, –
3. Abu aloe 15,000 kg x @ Rp 10.000, – Rp 150.000.000, – +
Sub-total C Rp 2,150,000,000, –
III. BENEFITS (II – I)
Rp. 2150000000 – Rp. 262,090,000 = Rp. 1,887,910,000

author : sukandar MSI

CITES prohibits trade in gaharu planning on Indonesia meeting in Argentina in March 2009 that then, and Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation has produced a technology that allows for the production of cultivated plants of aloes on quickly with a high success rate. The results of research in Sukabumi area that has been harvested on the day on Saturday 4 April 2009 showed that the aloe plant is inoculated 2 years ago to produce gaharu dark brown. This dark brown color is an indication of better quality. Trees inoculated plants was the result of 2000 with the type cressna and Aquilaria Aquilaria malaccensis, and inoculated at the age of 6 years.
According to Drs. Erdy Santoso, expert researchers from R & D Center aloes Forest & Nature Conservation, the inoculation period was correlated with the quality gaharu produced. Gaharu-producing plants do not produce gaharu wood is white, after inoculated for 3 months began to show the process of formation of aloes which indicated a brownish color change. There is a tendency inoculation the longer range then the darker color will indicate the quality and the increase also.
In this research locations have been tested four kinds of aloes-forming isolates JERMIA 1-4 isolates obtained from various regions in Indonesia. Results of inoculation in Sukabumi indicate that Jermia 2 and 4 give Jermia a more productive response.

Next Dr. Erdy Santoso explained that the results of inoculation for one year in Bangka behavior in the Middle East market for 800 – 1000 real per kilogram or approximately 2.5 million rupiah per kilogram. In general, inoculation for one year produces aloe products at least two pounds per tree.
On this occasion the Head of Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation, explained that the CITES Plants Committee meeting on 17 s / d March 22, 2009 in Argentina, the efforts the parties to give sanctions to ban trading in Indonesia in the form of aloe. Based on the experience of Forest Research & Conservation of Nature in the cultivation of aloe plants, is not difficult to cultivate these plants. In the last five years alone, in Carita (West Java) have been cultivated as much as 42 hectares of aloes, in Cikampek (West Java) by 2 hectares, and in Riau as much as 12 hectares. Also in some coachee Research Forest and Nature Conservation in West Kalimantan have been planted as many as 143,000 trees, 20,000 in South Kalimantan tree, in as many as 60,000 trees Jambi, East Kalimantan and in as many as 200,000 trees.
At present, the formation of gaharu inoculation technique has been mastered Center for Forest & Nature Conservation. In addition, the Center for Forest & Nature Conservation has been collecting 23 isolates originating from 17 provinces in Indonesia.

Thus, gaharu trade restrictions resulting in CITES meeting in Argentina in March of last month, was not unreasonable.

author : bagus p
reference :www.foreibanjarbaru.or.id

Eaglewood died after a year of injection mold. He is not guilty, but
had been hurt so fragrant pig appear immediately. Trunk gaharu Aquilaria
malaccensis minimum 5-year-old drilled a spiral. That is, each edge
The first saw the field will be continuous with the second saw the field. So
next. Sawn field that is given fungi.
Year post-injection was able to harvest pig. Previous techniques, inter -
field unrelated saws. Interval between field approximately 10 cm
and needs 2-3 years to reap pig.
Modification of the fungi providing technology developed by Drs Yana Sumarna
MSI, researcher Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation,
Bogor. He gave fungi Fusarium spp on each bar of aloes. Year
ago, he was able to harvest 10 kg pig from the tree aloes 6 years of age. This way
more effective than the old techniques because of the spiral technique can help
trees still standing strong despite wind. Prepare tools
needed: wood drill with drill diameter 13 mm to pierce stems,
saws, markers as markers where pelubangan, measuring instruments, cotton, spatula,
tweezers, alcohol 70%, candles and soft pig seeds of fungi. Process
the process simple.
1. Inokulan of fungi to assist in the formation of pig. Some
examples of solid mushroom is Diplodia sp, Phytium sp, Fusarium sp, Aspergillus
sp, sp Lasiodiplodia, Libertela sp, Trichoderma sp, Scytalidium sp, and
Thielaviopsis sp. Fungus was reproduced by mixing one tablespoon
fungi and 100 grams of aloe sawdust waste. Save a month in the bottle
closed.
2. Create a sign on the skin layer of 10 cm diameter tree with markers for
determine the field of drilling. Drilling lowest point, 20 cm from the surface
land. Create more drilling in the top spot with a shift in the direction
horizontal sejau to 10 cm and 10 cm vertical. In the same way make a few
The next point until after the lines are connected to form a spiral.

3. Use the generator to move the drill. Make a hole as deep as 1 / 3 the diameter
follow the line of the spiral rod drilling field.

4. Clean the drill hole with a washed cotton 70% alcohol to prevent
other microbial infections.

5. Enter the fungi into the hole using a spatula. Charging
undertaken to meet the hole until the surface of the skin.

6. Close the holes have been filled with wax mold so that no
contaminants. To prevent water seeps, surface wax also closed plaster
plastic.
7. Check the success of inoculation after a month. Open plaster and wax.
Fungi inoculation success if the black bars. After that make the cut
up under the skin to peel. This makes it easy to open and close
when the next check.

8. One year later gaharu harvested. To increase success,
planters added stressor compounds. Thus endurance aloes
weakened, the fungus is easy to breed, and even more quickly pig formed.

source : Trubus News

Eaglewood is one commodity non-timber forest products (HHBK) reliable enough, especially when viewed from a very special price when compared with other HHBK. High sale value of gaharu is encouraging people to use it. For example, in early 2001, in East Kalimantan, exactly in Pujangan (Kayan) aloes prices can reach Rp. 600.000, – per kilogram. At the retail level in major cities prices would certainly higher as well. Contribution of aloes of foreign exchange earnings also show a growing graph. According to the Center of Statistics, the average export value of gaharu from Indonesia in 1990-1998 amounted to U.S. $ 2 million, and in 2000 increased to U.S. $ 2.2 million.
Eaglewood known for the distinctive aroma and can be used for various purposes such as perfume, air freshener, incense (prayer complement Buddhist religion & Confucianism), drugs, and so on.
Ordinary people often obscure terms with tree aloes aloes. According SNI 01-5009.1-1999 defined as a kind of aloes wood in various shapes and colors are unique, and contain levels of mastic which comes from trees or parts of gaharu-producing trees that grow naturally and had died as a result of an infectious disease process either naturally or artificially in a tree species, which generally occurs in the tree Aquilaria sp. (Local name: Karas, Alim, Garu and others).
Gaharu traded in various forms, namely in the form of blocks, chips and powders. Form lumps can be either a statue or a unique form (natural sculpture) or no form at all. Similarly, the color, vary from near white to dark brown or nearly black, depending on the levels contained mastic and by itself will increasingly strong scent or aroma that is produced. Aloe color is generally used as the basis in determining the quality of aloes. The more black / dark color, the higher the resin content of fragrance, and will the higher the resale value. Generally the black / black color of aloes, showed higher infection process, and the stronger the scent is produced. But the color and scent guidance is not absolute, because in reality, this color can be tricked by the application of dyes, while the scent can be tricked by dipping into destilat aloes aloes. So that only traders who are experienced and have long been in the gaharu trade alone could distinguish between high-quality gaharu with lower quality (kemedangan).
In Indonesia, gaharu traded nationally is still in the form of chunks, chips or powder of aloes. Society has not attracted to process more information aloes, for example in the form of processed products such as destilat aloes, perfume, chopstick, etc., which would further increase the resale value.
Gaharu produced by infected trees that grow in tropical areas and have the Aquilaria genus, Gyrinops and overall Gonystilus included in the family Thymelaeaceae. Aquilaria clan consists of 15 species, scattered in tropical Asia from India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Thailand, Cambodia, southern China, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia. Six of them found in Indonesia (A. malaccensis, A. microcarpa, A. hirta, A. beccariana, A. cumingiana and A. filarial). The six species are found almost everywhere in the islands of Indonesia, except Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara. Gonystilus clan has 20 species, spreading in Southeast Asia from Malaysia, Peninsula, Sarawak, Sabah, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and the Solomon Islands and Nicobar Islands. Spisies Nine of them are in Indonesia, namely: in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Bali, Maluku and Irian Jaya. Gyrinops clan has seven species. Six of them scattered in eastern Indonesia, and one species found in Sri Lanka.
Cause of infection (which produces gaharu) in producing tree aloes, to this day still observed. However, the researchers suspect that there are 3 elements of the cause of the infection process in gaharu-producing trees, namely (1) infections due to fungi, (2) injury and (3) non-phatology process. In the first group, Santoso (1996) stated that they had successfully isolated several fungi from tree Aquilaria spp. the infected are: oxyporus Fusarium, F. bulbigenium and F. laseritium. In cases 2 and 3 appeared hypothesis which states that the injury could encourage the emergence of tree healing processes that produce gaharu. But the program still needs the hypothesis of proof.
Indonesia quality Eaglewood nationally determined in Eaglewood 01-5009.1-1999 SNI. In the SNI is divided into quality aloeswood/gaharu/eaglewood quality class 13 consisting of:

Pig gaharu is divided into 3 classes Quality (Main Quality = the equivalent of super quality; Quality First quality = equal to AB; and quality equivalent to the Second = super quality Sabah),

Kemedangan divided into 7 classes quality (starting from the quality of First = TGA/TK1 equivalent quality to the quality of the Seventh = equivalent to the quality of M3), and

Abu gaharu divided into 3 classes quality (Main quality, First and Second).
In fact in the trade of aloes, aloes quality distribution is not uniform between regions with each other, despite being 01-5009.1-1999 Eaglewood SNI. For example, in West Kalimantan was agreed that 9 of the quality of the quality of the Super A (best) to the quality kemedangan kropos (worst). While in East Kalimantan and Riau, the businessmen agreed aloes 8 types of quality, ranging from super quality A (best) to the quality kemedangan (worst). Determination of the standard in the field is not uniform because of the existence of SNI dimungkingkan Eaglewood has so far not much is known and exploited by the traders and collectors. Besides, as SNI-SNI other forest products, the application of SNI Eaglewood still voluntary (voluntary), in which there is no obligation to enforce.
Due to the scarcity of gaharu-producing trees stands in the COP (Conference of Parties) to – 9 of CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA (7 – 18 November 1994) the participants conference at the suggestion of India accepted the proposal application producing a species of aloe (A. malaccensis) in CITES Appendix II. Thus, within 90 days of receipt / determination of the proposal, the trade of these species should be done with CITES procedures.
But the problem, until now gaharu traded in the form of slabs, chips, powders, aloe and destilat end products such as chopstick, pencil, perfume, etc. can not be / difficult to be proven whether the aloes are produced by type A. malaccensis or from other species. To overcome this problem, finally adopted the policy that both exporting and recipient countries continue implementing CITES procedures for each product aloes, regardless of whether the product is derived from the species A. malaccensis or not. This is because most of the population of gaharu-producing species in nature was endangered position. It is expected gaharu-producing species populations can be saved.
Closing

Eaglewood considering selling points, worthy of the role of effort increased Eaglewood as an alternative to commodity contributor of foreign exchange in addition to the forestry sector from timber forest products. To get the maximum benefit of added value in making use of these commodities, necessary assistance to domestic producers to process more information aloes, for example in the form of final product (processed) as destilat aloes, perfume, chopstick, etc. with a trading value of more high. In addition, to encourage uniformity in the field kualita setting, the presence of gaharu SNI should be socialized among producers, traders, and consumers. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of supply of aloes, need guidance to the community effort to harvest gaharu in ways that ignore the rules of sustainability. Finally, to avoid the extinction of aloes, the rules or procedures of CITES in gaharu trade in commodities should be implemented in a consistent in the field by stakeholders.
author : bagus p

Gaharu or eaglewood production engineering technology, following the composition of the fungal isolates or gaharu resin formation, found the researchers from the Center for Research and Development of Forest and Nature Conservation or patented P3HKA government should immediately before claimed by other countries. Patent is an important finding considering its application in forest communities can improve their welfare because of aloes have high economic value.
Currently Malaysia industriously pursue gaharu production engineering our findings. Malaysia had sent the director general of agriculture to the environment and P3HKA and they asked to adopt the findings, but we rejected for fear that their findings will be claimed. Compared with the study of India and Thailand, according to them, the findings from Indonesia’s most successful, “said Santoso Erdy MS, Chairman of the Microbiological Research Group of Forest P3HKA.
Pig or pig produced gaharu tree species (including Aguilaria spp, Aotoxylon sypetallum, Grynops, and Gonystylus) have high economic value. Selling price is extremely varied in 16 classes, ranging from the cheapest, “Suloan”, valued at Rp 15,000 per kg to the class “Super King” worth USD 26 million per kg. By applying technology P3HKA findings, one gaharu trees aged 4-5 years after inducible isolates can produce 20 kg of pig gaharu within 1-3 years.
High economic value becomes a magnet for farmers to develop gaharu. One of them is initiated in the village of 204 farmers Maringin Jaya, District PARINDU, Sanggau District, West Kalimantan. Although never enjoying direct result of their cultivation of aloes planted since 2004, they were enthusiastic to plant 143,000 trees in the area of gaharu 143 hectares.
To bring environmental conservation value, the Head of West Kalimantan Forest Service plans to distribute Safe Agus gaharu seedlings to farmers in West Kalimantan. Chairman P3HKA Anwar said, the development of aloe as one of the results of non-timber forest needs to pay attention so that the marketing aspect really benefit the farmers.
We have used aloe for perfume or air freshener. In some places the spa, gaharu oil is also used to gulp down the body. Some people also used aloe to treat jaundice or hepatitis. As for prices ranging between Rp aloes 1 million-USD 3 million per kilogram, depending on the quality.

reference : infokita.com